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More than any other single thinker,William of Ockham is responsible for the widely held modern assumption that religious and secular-political institutions should normally operate independently of one another.Today,when this assumption is questioned in some quarters,Ockham��s acute analysis of the basis and functions of authority in spirtual and temporal affairs is of current as well as historical interest.His point of departure was a tragic collision between two specifically Christian ideals: the Franciscan conception of Christ��s lordship and the ideal of a society guided by the single supreme authority of Christ��s vicar,the pope.This volume begins with Ockham��s personal account of his engagenment in that conflict and continues with essential passages from the major works in which he attempted to resolve it.