A
ABC of general practice 全科醫學的基本常識 1
A diagnostic perspective 診斷視角 2
Abdominal pain 腹痛 6
Abdominal pain in children 兒童腹痛 9
Infantile colic 嬰兒絞痛 9
Intussusception 腸套疊 9
Drugs 藥物 10
Mesenteric adenitis 腸系膜淋巴結炎 10
Recurrent abdominal pain 反復發作的腹痛 11
Specific causes of acute abdominal pain 急性腹痛的具體原因 11
Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) 腹主動脈瘤(AAA) 11
Mesenteric artery occlusion 腸系膜上動脈閉塞 12
Acute retention of urine 急性尿潴留 13
Acute appendicitis 急性闌尾炎 13
Small bowel obstruction 小腸梗阻 14
Large bowel obstruction 大腸梗阻 14
Perforated peptic ulcer 消化性潰瘍穿孔 14
Ureteric colic 輸尿管絞痛 16
Biliary pain 膽痛 17
Acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎 18
Chronic pancreatitis 慢性胰腺炎 19
Acute diverticulitis 急性憩室炎 20
Lower abdominal pain in women 女性下腹部疼痛 21
Ectopic pregnancy 異位妊娠 21
Ruptured ovarian(Graafian)follicle(Mittelschmerz) 囊狀卵泡(小體)破裂(經間痛) 21
全科醫生速查手冊(第5版)
Ruptured ovarian cyst 卵巢囊腫破裂 21
Acute torsion of ovarian cyst 卵巢囊腫急性蒂扭轉 23
Pelvic adhesions 盆腔粘連 23
Acne 痤瘡 23
Some topical treatment regimens 外用的治療方案 23
Oral antibiotics 口服抗生素 24
Other therapies 其他療法 25
Facial scars 面部瘢痕 25
Acute allergic reactions 速發型過敏反應 25
Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic reactions 過敏性休克和相關的過敏癥狀 25
Angioedema and acute urticaria 血管性水腫和急性蕁麻疹 26
Addison disease 艾迪生病 27
Adolescent health 青少年健康 27
Depression,parasuicide and suicide 抑郁癥、自殺企圖和自殺 29
Alcohol problems 酗酒問題 29
Alopecia areata(patchy hair loss) 斑禿(斑片狀脫發) 32
Androgenetic alopecia(male pattern baldness) 雄激素性脫發(男性型脫發) 32
Amnesia(loss of memory) 失憶癥(失去記憶) 33
Transient global amnesia 短暫性全面遺忘 33
Anaemia 貧血 34
Classification of anaemia 貧血分類 34
Microcytic anaemia——MCV≤80fl 小細胞性貧血——MCV≤80 fl 35
Irondeficiency anaemia 缺鐵性貧血 35
Thalassaemia 地中海貧血 36
Macrocytic anaemia——MCV>98 fl 大細胞性貧血——MCV>98 fl 36
Vitamin B12 deficiency(pernicious anaemia) 維生素B12缺乏(惡性貧血) 36
Folic acid deficiency 葉酸缺乏 36
Angina pectoris 心絞痛 37
Anorectal disorders 肛腸疾病 38
Anorectal pain 肛門直腸疼痛 38
Anal fissure 肛裂 39
Proctalgia fugax 痙攣性肛門直腸痛 39
Perianal haematoma 肛周血腫 40
Strangulated haemorrhoids 絞窄性痔 40
Perianal abscess 肛周膿腫 40
Anorectal lumps 肛門直腸腫塊 41
Skin tags 皮贅 41
Perianal warts 肛周疣 41
Internal haemorrhoids 內痔 41
Anal(faecal)incontinence 肛門(大便)失禁 41
Antibiotic prescribing 抗生素處方 41
Antibiotic resistance 抗生素耐藥性 45
General guidelines for antibiotic prescribing 抗生素處方的一般準則 46
Anxiety disorders 焦慮癥 46
Generalised anxiety disorder 廣泛性焦慮癥 47
Panic disorder 驚恐障礙 48
Phobic disorders 恐懼癥 49
Obsessivecompulsive disorder 強迫癥 50
Acute stress disorder 急性應激障礙 50
Posttraumatic stress disorder 創傷后應激障礙 50
Aphthous ulcers(canker sores) 口腔潰瘍(口瘡) 50
Arm and hand pain 手臂和手部疼痛 51
Pulled elbow 牽拉肘 51
Tennis elbow 網球肘 52
Olecranon bursitis 鷹嘴滑囊炎 53
Trigger finger/thumb 扳機指(拇指) 53
Raynauds phenomenon and disorder 雷諾現象 53
Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管綜合征 53
Arthritis 關節炎 54
Osteoarthritis 骨性關節炎 54
Rheumatoid arthritis 類風濕關節炎 55
Connective tissue disorders 結締組織疾病 56
Crystal arthritis 結晶性關節炎 58
The spondyloarthropathies 脊柱關節病 58
Lyme disease 萊姆病 60
The vasculitides 血管炎 60
Asthma 哮喘 61
Pharmacological agents to treat asthma 哮喘的藥物治療 61
Maintenance plan for persistent asthma-adult(example) 持續性哮喘的維持治療方案——成年人(舉例) 63
Asthma action plan(example) 哮喘行動方案(舉例) 64
The acute asthma attack 急性哮喘發作 65
Asthma First Aid Action Plan 哮喘急救行動計劃 65
Asthma in children 兒童哮喘 66
B
Back pain 背部疼痛 69
Low back pain(LBP) 腰背部疼痛(LBP) 69
Vertebral dysfunction with nonradicular pain (nonspecific LBP) 非神經根性疼痛性脊椎功能障礙(非特異性腰痛) 71
Chronic LBP(pain>3months) 慢性腰痛(疼痛時間>3個月) 72
Vertebral dysfunction with radiculopathy(sciatica) 神經根型脊椎功能障礙(坐骨神經痛) 73
Lumbar spondylosis 腰椎退行性病 73
Spondylolisthesis 腰椎滑脫 74
The spondyloarthropathies 脊柱關節病 75
Thoracic back pain 胸背部疼痛 76
Scheuermanns disorder 休門癥 76
Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis 特發性青少年脊柱側彎 76
Kyphosis 脊柱后凸 77
Dysfunction of the thoracic spine 胸椎功能障礙 77
Bad news(breaking bad news)—guidelines 壞消息——指南 78
Bereavement and coping with loss 喪親之痛和應對 79
Balanitis(balanoposthitis) 包皮龜頭炎(陰莖頭包皮炎) 80
Bed sores(pressure sores) 壓瘡 81
Belching(aerophagia) 噯氣(吞氣癥) 82
Bells(facial nerve)palsy 貝爾麻痹(面部神經麻痹) 83
Benzodiazepine problems 苯二氮類問題 83
Benzodiazepine with drawal syndrome 苯二氮類戒斷綜合征 83
Biological terrorism 生物恐怖主義 84
Inhalation anthrax 吸入性炭疽 84
Botulism 肉毒桿菌中毒 85
Pneumonic plague 肺炎型鼠疫 85
Ricin 蓖麻毒素 86
Smallpox 天花 86
Bites and stings 咬傷和蜇傷 86
Bite wounds 咬傷 86
Snake bites 毒蛇咬傷 86
Spider bites 蜘蛛咬傷 88
Human bites and clenched fist injuries 人類咬傷和拳頭打傷 88
Dog bites(nonrabid) 狗類咬傷(非狂犬病) 89
Cat bites 貓類咬傷 89
Bed bug bites 臭蟲叮咬 90
Sandfly bites 白蛉叮咬 90
Mollusc bite(blueringed octopus,cone shell) 軟體動物咬傷(藍環章魚,芋螺) 90
Stings 蜇傷 90
Bee stings 蜜蜂蜇傷 90
Centipede and scorpion bites /stings 蜈蚣和蝎子咬傷/蜇傷 91
Box jellyfish or sea wasp(chironex fleckeri) 箱形水母或海黃蜂(Chironex fleckeri)蜇傷 91
Irukandji syndrome Irukandji綜合征 91
Stinging fish 刺魚蜇傷 91
Other bites and stings 其他生物叮咬 92
Bladder dysfunction(in women during night) 膀胱功能障礙(女性夜尿) 92
Blepharitis 瞼緣炎 93
Body odour 狐臭 93
Boils(recurrent) 癤(經常性) 94
Breast lumps 乳房腫塊 94
Carcinoma of the breast 乳腺癌 96
Mammary dysplasia 纖維囊性乳腺病 97
Breast cyst 乳腺囊腫 97
Lactation cysts(galactoceles) 哺乳期囊腫(積乳囊腫) 98
Fibroadenoma 纖維腺瘤 98
Fat necrosis 脂肪壞死 98
Mammary duct ectasia 乳腺導管擴張癥 98
Phyllodes tumour 葉狀腫瘤 98
Breast pain(mastalgia) 乳房疼痛 99
Cyclical mastalgia 周期性乳房疼痛 99
Noncyclical mastalgia 非周期性乳房疼痛 100
Costochondritis(Tietzes syndrome) 肋軟骨炎(Tietze綜合征) 100
Mastitis 乳腺炎 101
Inflammatory breast cancer(mastitis carcinomatosa) 炎性乳腺癌 101
Breast abscess 乳房膿腫 102
Breathholding attacks 屏氣發作 102
Bronchiolitis 毛細支氣管炎 103
Bronchitis 支氣管炎 103
Acute bronchitis 急性支氣管炎 103
Chronic bronchitis 慢性支氣管炎 104
Bruising and bleeding 擦傷和出血 104
Vascular disorders 血管疾病 106
Platelet disorders 血小板疾病 106
Coagulation disorders 凝血功能障礙 107
Bruxism(teeth grinding) 磨牙癥 107
Burning feet syndrome 灼熱足綜合征 107
Burns 燒傷 108
Burns to hands 手部燒傷 109
C
Cancer 癌癥 110
Diagnostic triads for specific cancers 診斷特定癌癥的三聯征 111
Metastatic tumours 轉移性腫瘤 112
Cannabis(marijuana) 吸食大麻 113
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) 心肺復蘇術(CPR) 114
Cellulite “消脂” 115
Cellutitis 蜂窩織炎 115
Central nervous system infections(incl. meningitis, encephalitis, abcess) 中樞神經系統感染(包括腦膜炎、腦炎、膿腫) 116
Bacterial meningitis 細菌性腦膜炎 116
Viral meningitis 病毒性腦膜炎 118
Encephalitis 腦炎 118
Brain abscess 腦膿腫 119
Spinal subdural or epidural abscess 脊髓硬膜下或硬膜外膿腫 120
Prion transmitted diseases 朊病毒傳染疾病 120
Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰質炎 121
Cervical cancer and Pap smears 宮頸癌和宮頸涂片檢查 121
Chest pain 胸痛 124
Site,radiation and features of chest pain syndromes 胸痛的位置、放射部位和特點 124
Acute coronary syndromes(ACS) 急性冠脈綜合征(ACS) 124
Aortic dissection 主動脈夾層 125
Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞 126
Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎 127
Spontaneous pneumothorax 自發性氣胸 128
Psychogenic pain 心因性疼痛 128
Chilblains 凍瘡 128
Children:normal developmental milestones 兒童:正常發育過程中的重要事件 129
Children:developmental disorders 兒童:發育障礙 130
Growth and puberty problems 生長和青春期問題 130
Short stature 身材矮小 130
Tall stature 身材高大 130
Growing pains(benign nocturnal limb pain) 生長痛(良性夜間肢痛) 130
Delayed puberty 青春期延遲 131
Precocious puberty 性早熟 131
Premature thelarche 乳房過早發育 132
Premature adrenarche 腎上腺功能早現 132
Pubertal breast hyperplasia 青春期乳腺增生 132
Intellectual disability 智力殘疾 132
Cerebral palsy 腦癱 132
Down syndrome 唐氏綜合征 133
Fragile X syndrome 脆性X染色體綜合征(FXS) 133
PraderWilli syndrome 普威綜合征 134
Williams syndrome 威廉姆斯綜合征 134
Specific learning disabilities(SLDs) 特殊學習障礙(SLD) 135
Dyslexia 閱讀障礙 135
Autism spectrum disorders 自閉癥譜系障礙 136
Child abuse 虐待兒童 137
Childhood:common infectious diseases 兒童期常見的傳染性疾病 141
Skin eruptions 皮疹 141
Meales 麻疹 141
Rubella 風疹 141
Scarlet fever 猩紅熱 142
Viral exanthema(fourth syndrome) 病毒疹(第四綜合征) 142
Erythema infectiosum(fifth syndrome) 傳染性紅斑(第五綜合征) 142
Roseola infantum(exanthema subitum or sixth syndrome) 嬰兒玫瑰疹(幼兒急疹或第六綜合征) 142
Chickenpox(varicella) 水痘 142
Hand,foot and mouth(HFM)disease 手足口(HFM)病 143
Others 其他 144
Epidemic parotitis(mumps) 流行性腮腺炎(痄腮) 144
Pertussis(whooping cough) 百日咳 144
Children:special observations 對兒童的特殊觀察 145
The child as a barometer of the family 孩子是家庭的晴雨表 146
Childrens behaviour disorders 兒童行為障礙 147
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 注意缺陷障礙(伴多動) 147
Conduct disorders 行為障礙 148
Crying and fussing in infants 嬰兒哭鬧 149
Habit cough 習慣性咳嗽 150
Head banging or rocking 敲打或搖晃頭部 150
Oppositional behaviour 對抗行為 150
Parainsomnias(night terrors, sleep talking and walking) 異睡癥(夜驚、夢囈和夢游) 150
Poor eating 不合理的飲食 151
Sleep disorders 睡眠障礙 151
Stealing 偷竊 151
Stuttering and stammering 口吃 152
Temper tantrums 亂發脾氣 152
Tics(habit spasm) 抽搐(習慣性痙攣) 153
Tourettes disorder 抽動穢語綜合征 153
Children:surgical problems 兒童:外科問題 153
Ear,nose,face and oral cavity 耳、鼻、面部和口腔 153
Prominent bat/shell ears 突出性蝙蝠/貝殼耳 153
Facial deformity 面部畸形 153
External angular dermoid 頭面部皮角 153
Cleft lip and deft palate 唇裂和腭裂 154
Nasal disorders 鼻部疾病 154
Tongue tie 舌系帶過短 154
Preauricular sinus 耳前竇道 154
Branchial sinus/cyst/fistula 腮裂竇道/囊腫/瘺管 154
Eyes 眼部 154
Neck lumps 頸部腫塊 154
Sternomastoid tumour/fibrosis 胸鎖乳突肌腫瘤/纖維化 154
Thyroglossal cyst 甲狀舌管囊腫 155
Lymphatic malformation/cystic hygroma 淋巴管畸形/囊狀水瘤 155
Cervical lymphadenopathy 頸部淋巴結腫大 155
MAIS(Mycobactyerium AIS)lymphadenitis 鳥胞內分枝桿菌性淋巴結炎 155
Congenital heart disorders 先天性心臟病 155
Ventricular septal defect 室間隔缺損 155
Atrial septal defect 房間隔缺損 155
Patent ductus arteriosus 動脈導管未閉 156
Coarctation of aorta 主動脈縮窄 156
Hernias and genital disorders 疝及生殖器疾病 156
Hernias 疝 156
Hydroceles 鞘膜積液 156
Hypospadias 尿道下裂 156
Foreskin and circumcision 包皮和包皮環切術 157
Children:neonatal leg and foot abnormalities 兒童:新生兒的腿部和足部異常 157
Developmental dysplasia of hip 髖關節發育不良 157
Bow legs(genu varum) 弓形腿(膝內翻) 158
Knock knees(genu valgum) 膝外翻 158
Intoeing 內八字腳 158
Outtoeing 外八字腳 158
Club foot(congenital talipes equinovarus) 馬蹄內翻足(先天性馬蹄內翻足) 159
Flat feet(pes plano valgus) 扁平足 160
Curly toes 足趾卷曲 160
Children:special senses 兒童:特殊的感受器 160
Visual problems 視力問題 160
Amblyopia 弱視 160
Strabismus(squint) 斜視 160
Hearing problems 聽力問題 161
Optimal times for surgery/intervention in early childrens disorders 兒童疾病早期*佳手術介入時間 162
Childrens emergencies 兒科急癥 163
Meningitis or encephalitis 腦膜炎或腦炎 163
Acute epiglottitis 急性會厭炎 164
Poisoning 中毒 164
Swallowed foreign objects 吞食異物 165
Inhaled foreign bodies 吸入異物 165
Collapse in children 兒童神志不清 165
Childrens skin and hair disorders 兒童的皮膚和頭發疾病 166
Neonatal period and early infancy 新生兒期和嬰兒早期 166
Toxic erythema of newborn 新生兒毒性紅斑 166
Transient neonatal pustular dermatosis 新生兒一過性膿皰性皮膚病 167
Naevus flammeus(salmon patch) 鮮紅斑痣(粉黃色斑) 167
Capillary malformation(port wine stain) 毛細血管畸形(葡萄酒色痣) 167
Cavernous haemangioma(strawberry naevus) 海綿狀血管瘤(草莓痣) 167
Sebaceous hyperplasia 皮脂腺增生 167
Naevus sebaceous 皮脂腺痣 167
Congenital naevi 先天性痣 168
Benign juvenile melanoma 青少年良性黑色素瘤 168
Milia 粟粒疹 168
Miliaria 痱子 168
Sucking blisters 吸吮皰 168
Umbilical granuloma 臍肉芽腫 168
Breast hyperplasia 乳腺增生 169
Freys syndrome 弗萊綜合征 169
Hair disorders 毛發疾病 169
Loose anagen(growing hair)syndrome 生長期頭發松動綜合征 169
Traction alopecia 牽引性脫發 169
Trichotillomania(hair pulling) 拔毛癥(揪頭發) 169
Localised alopecia areata 局限性斑禿 169
Tinea capitis 頭癬 169
Chloasma 黃褐斑 170
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 170
Factors in causation 致病因素 170
Symptoms 癥狀 170
Investigations 檢查 170
Common cold(acute coryza) 普通感冒(急性鼻炎) 173
Communication and consulting skills(or how to prevent litigation)溝通和咨詢技能(或如何避免訴訟) 174
Concussion 腦震蕩 176
Conjunctivitis 結膜炎 177
Bacterial conjunctivitis 細菌性結膜炎 177
Viral conjunctivitis 病毒性結膜炎 178
Primary herpes simplex infection 原發性單純皰疹病毒感染 179
Allergic conjunctivitis 過敏性結膜炎 179
Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis(trachoma) 沙眼衣原體結膜炎(沙眼) 180
Constipation 便秘 180
Idiopathic(functional)constipation 特發性(功能性)便秘 181
Colorectal cancer 結腸癌 182
Contact dermatitis 接觸性皮炎 184
Contraception 避孕 185
Cough 咳嗽 189
Cough in children 兒童咳嗽 190
Bronchial carcinoma 支氣管癌 190
Bronchiectasis 支氣管擴張 191
Tuberculosis 結核病 192
Symptomatic treatment of cough 對癥治療咳嗽 194
Counselling skills 咨詢技巧 194
Cognitive behaviour therapy(CBT) 認知行為治療(CBT) 195
Court appearance 法庭指控 196
“Cracked”skin 皮膚皸裂 196
Cracked and dry lips 嘴唇皸裂和干燥 196
Cracked hands and fingers 手部和手指皸裂 196
Cracked heels 足跟皸裂 197
Cramps(nocturnal cramps in legs) 抽筋(夜間腿抽筋) 197
Croup 哮吼 198
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