腦與認知科學基礎 版權信息
- ISBN:9787302589310
- 條形碼:9787302589310 ; 978-7-302-58931-0
- 裝幀:80g純質紙
- 冊數:暫無
- 重量:暫無
- 所屬分類:>
腦與認知科學基礎 本書特色
全彩印刷,全程視頻講解,詳細闡述腦與認知及計算的基礎知識和實踐,適合人工智能專業及智能類課程學習的工具書。
人腦+電腦,開啟智能新時代!
腦與認知科學基礎 內容簡介
本書介紹了腦與認知及計算相關的基礎,主要介紹了方法與技術、神經與信息、視覺與計算、感知與運動、注意與意識、學習與記憶、溝通與語言、情感與計算、發育與可塑、社會與可塑、人工與系統。
本書是作者10年的教學經驗和實踐成果,全書圖文并茂,理論與實踐相結合,為人工智能/智能科學與技術專業,腦與神經科學專業學生編寫,幫助學生學習人腦機制和應用實踐等。
本書可作為理工科本科生、研究生智能類課程教材或參考書,也可作為科技人員智能系統設計與實踐的參考手冊。
腦與認知科學基礎 目錄
目錄
第 1章認知與計算 ............................................................................................ 1
1.1認知
........................................................................................................1
1.2元認知
....................................................................................................2
1.3認知計算
.................................................................................................2
1.4腦結構與功能
..........................................................................................3
1.5三位一體
...............................................................................................10
1.6腦與認知框架
........................................................................................11
1.7人類腦計劃
............................................................................................12
習題 .............................................................................................................13
第 2章方法與技術 ...........................................................................................15
2.1心理學方法
............................................................................................15
2.1.1反應時法
....................................................................................15
2.
1.2眼動分析法 .................................................................................15
2.
1.3口語報告分析法 ..........................................................................15
2.
1.4內隱聯想測驗..............................................................................16
2.
1.5計算機模擬法..............................................................................16
2.2電生理學方法
........................................................................................16
2.
2.1膜片鉗技術 .................................................................................16
2.
2.2細胞記錄法 .................................................................................16
2.
2.3腦損傷研究法..............................................................................17
2.3腦成像
..................................................................................................17
2.3.1 CT.............................................................................................17
2.3.2 PET...........................................................................................17
2.3.3 SPECT......................................................................................18
2.3.4 MRI...........................................................................................18
2.3.5 fMRI..........................................................................................19
2.3.6 TPM..........................................................................................20
2.3.7 EEG ..........................................................................................20
2.3.8 MEG..........................................................................................22
2.4技術比較
...............................................................................................22
2.5設計實驗范式
........................................................................................23
2.6數據處理
...............................................................................................25
習題 .............................................................................................................27
第 3章神經與信息 ...........................................................................................29
3.1神經元
..................................................................................................29
3.2神經膠質細胞
........................................................................................31
3.3神經信息
...............................................................................................33
3.
3.1神經信息產生..............................................................................33
3.
3.2神經信息編碼..............................................................................34
3.
3.3神經信息傳播..............................................................................35
3.
4神經通路和層級 .....................................................................................38
3.5人工神經
...............................................................................................40
3.
5.1人工神經元 .................................................................................40
3.
5.2人工神經網絡..............................................................................41
3.
5.3深度學習系統..............................................................................42
3.6微觀與超微觀
........................................................................................44
3.6.1分子 ...........................................................................................44
3.6.2量子
...........................................................................................44
習題 .............................................................................................................45
第 4章視覺與計算 ...........................................................................................47
4.1眼睛
......................................................................................................47
4.2視覺信息
...............................................................................................47
4.
2.1視覺信息感知..............................................................................47
4.
2.2視覺信息傳遞..............................................................................49
4.
2.3視覺感受機制..............................................................................51
4.
2.4視覺信息編碼..............................................................................54
4.3對象識別
...............................................................................................56
4.3.1神經機制
....................................................................................57
4.3.2認知模型
....................................................................................57
4.3.3眼球運動
....................................................................................60
4.3.4運動知覺
....................................................................................60
4.3.5立體視覺
....................................................................................61
4.3.6顏色視覺
....................................................................................61
4.
3.7視覺恒常性與腦補 .......................................................................63
4.4視覺理論
...............................................................................................64
4.
4.1馬爾計算視覺..............................................................................64
4.
4.2格式塔理論 .................................................................................65
4.4.3主動視覺
....................................................................................66
4.5計算機視覺
............................................................................................66
4.5.1深度估計
....................................................................................66
4.5.2行人預測
....................................................................................68
4.5.3水下視覺
....................................................................................71
4.6視覺系統比較
........................................................................................72
習題 .............................................................................................................72
第 5章感知與運動 ...........................................................................................75
5.1感覺與知覺
............................................................................................75
5.2感受器和編碼
........................................................................................76
5.
2.1感受器的種類..............................................................................76
5.
2.2感受器的換能作用 .......................................................................76
5.
2.3感覺信息編碼..............................................................................77
5.3聽覺與平衡覺
........................................................................................79
5.
3.1聲音與聽覺 .................................................................................79
5.
3.2耳朵與聲音感知 ..........................................................................80
5.3.3人工耳蝸
....................................................................................82
5.3.4聽聲辨位
....................................................................................83
5.3.5平衡覺
........................................................................................84
5.4觸覺和痛覺
............................................................................................85
5.4.1觸痛感知
....................................................................................86
5.4.2觸覺
...........................................................................................87
5.4.3痛覺
...........................................................................................88
5.4.4癢覺
...........................................................................................88
5.5嗅覺和味覺
............................................................................................89
5.5.1嗅覺
...........................................................................................89
5.5.2味覺
...........................................................................................90
5.6聯覺和直覺
............................................................................................92
5.6.1聯覺
...........................................................................................92
5.6.2直覺
...........................................................................................93
5.
7初級感覺與運動皮層 ..............................................................................93
5.8運動與控制
............................................................................................94
5.8.1下行傳導通路..............................................................................95
5.
8.2運動層級與控制 ..........................................................................96
習題 .............................................................................................................97
第 6章注意與意識 ...........................................................................................99
6.1注意
......................................................................................................99
6.2注意與分辨
.......................................................................................... 100
6.3注意網絡
............................................................................................. 100
6.
4注意的生理機制 ................................................................................... 101
6.
5注意的信息加工 ................................................................................... 102
6.
5.1選擇性注意 ............................................................................... 102
6.5.2注意分配
.................................................................................. 105
6.5.3變化視盲
.................................................................................. 105
6.
5.4外顯型與內隱型注意.................................................................. 106
6.
5.5特征整合理論............................................................................ 107
6.6人工注意網絡
...................................................................................... 108
6.7睡眠與夢
............................................................................................. 108
6.8意識與思維
.......................................................................................... 111
習題 ........................................................................................................... 112
第 7章學習與記憶 .........................................................................................113
7.1學習
.................................................................................................... 113
7.
1.1學習認知模型............................................................................ 113
7.1.2赫布理論
.................................................................................. 115
7.1.3遷移學習
.................................................................................. 115
7.
1.4學習形成記憶............................................................................ 116
7.2元學習
................................................................................................ 117
7.3記憶
.................................................................................................... 119
7.4記憶模型
............................................................................................. 120
7.
4.1多重存儲記憶模型 ..................................................................... 120
7.
4.2工作記憶模型............................................................................ 121
7.
5記憶的神經基礎 ................................................................................... 122
7.
5.1記憶相關的腦區 ........................................................................ 122
7.
5.2記憶相關的皮層 ........................................................................ 123
7.
5.3海馬與記憶 ............................................................................... 124
7.6記憶轉移
............................................................................................. 124
7.7遺忘曲線
............................................................................................. 125
7.8概念與分類
.......................................................................................... 126
7.9知識建構
............................................................................................. 127
7.
9.1符號網絡模型............................................................................ 128
7.
9.2層次語義網絡模型 ..................................................................... 129
7.9.3原型模型
.................................................................................. 130
7.
9.4激活擴散模型............................................................................ 130
7.10知識表征
........................................................................................... 131
7.
10.1聯想記憶模型 ........................................................................ 131
7.
10.2知識圖譜............................................................................... 133
7.11貝葉斯大腦
........................................................................................ 134
習題 ........................................................................................................... 136
第 8章溝通與語言 .........................................................................................137
8.1溝通
.................................................................................................... 137
8.
2人類語言的演化 ................................................................................... 137
8.
3人類語言的獨特性................................................................................ 137
8.
4失語癥與語言中樞................................................................................ 138
8.5語言處理模型
...................................................................................... 139
8.5.1
Lichtheim模型 ......................................................................... 139
8.5.2
Wernicke-Geschwind模型.......................................................... 140
8.6詞腦
.................................................................................................... 142
8.
7中英語言認知異同................................................................................ 146
8.
8腦電到文字轉譯 ................................................................................... 147
8.9自然語言處理
...................................................................................... 147
8.10對偶學習
........................................................................................... 148
習題 ........................................................................................................... 149
第 9章情感與計算 .........................................................................................151
9.1報償與動機
.......................................................................................... 151
9.2成癮
.................................................................................................... 152
9.3人腦經濟學
.......................................................................................... 153
9.
3.1經濟學現象 ............................................................................... 153
9.3.2能量函數
.................................................................................. 155
9.4強化學習
............................................................................................. 156
9.5理性與情緒
.......................................................................................... 158
9.6情緒腦
................................................................................................ 160
9.7情感與選擇
.......................................................................................... 161
9.8預測與期望
.......................................................................................... 163
9.9期望*大化
.......................................................................................... 164
9.10對抗網絡
........................................................................................... 165
9.
11自律與自監督..................................................................................... 166
9.12情感計算
........................................................................................... 166
習題 ........................................................................................................... 168
第 10章發育與可塑 .......................................................................................169
10.1腦功能發育
........................................................................................ 169
10.
2腦功能可塑性..................................................................................... 170
10.3腦改進方案
........................................................................................ 171
10.
4腦區到腦網絡..................................................................................... 173
10.
4.1結構洞與智力 .......................................................................... 174
10.
4.2復雜性臨界點 .......................................................................... 175
10.5腦網絡演化
........................................................................................ 177
10.
5.1演化動力學 ............................................................................. 177
10.
5.2圖網絡學習 ............................................................................. 179
10.6男女有別
........................................................................................... 180
10.
7神經架構搜索..................................................................................... 182
習題 ........................................................................................................... 182
第 11章社會與創造 .......................................................................................183
11.1社會認知
........................................................................................... 183
11.2歸因理論
........................................................................................... 185
11.3分類與圖式
........................................................................................ 186
11.4同理心
............................................................................................... 188
11.
4.1鏡像神經元 ............................................................................. 188
11.
4.2自閉癥情緒圖譜理論 ................................................................ 188
11.
4.3同理心和道德決策 ................................................................... 189
11.
4.4同理心與公平感....................................................................... 190
11.5模仿行為
........................................................................................... 191
11.
6具身認知與元宇宙 .............................................................................. 192
11.7利他行為
........................................................................................... 193
11.
8智力與創造力..................................................................................... 194
11.
9人類智力的起源與演化 ....................................................................... 194
11.10弗林效應
.......................................................................................... 195
11.
11社會網絡與大數據 ............................................................................ 196
習題 ........................................................................................................... 198
第 12章人工與系統 .......................................................................................199
12.1人工智能
........................................................................................... 199
12.
2類腦計算與人工腦 .............................................................................. 199
12.3仿真機器人
........................................................................................ 201
12.4腦機系統
........................................................................................... 204
12.
5自主無人系統..................................................................................... 206
12.
6復雜性與奧卡姆剃刀........................................................................... 206
12.7安全和倫理
........................................................................................ 207
12.7.1可信與安全 ............................................................................. 207
12.
7.2道德與倫理 ............................................................................. 209
習題 ........................................................................................................... 211
參考文獻 ...........................................................................................................213
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腦與認知科學基礎 作者簡介
劉洪波博士,加州大學圣地亞哥分校神經計算研究所訪問學者,二級教授,博導,計算機科學與技術學科帶頭人,人工智能專業方向帶頭人,主要研究認知計算、大數據驅動智能等,曾作為項目負責人承擔國家自然科學基金、教育部人才計劃項目等多個項目;發表CCF A類在內的論文百余篇;曾獲省部級科技進步二等獎(排名第一)、行業聯合會科技創新獎(排名第一);大連高新區生態科創產業聯盟副理事長,入選教育部新世紀優秀人才。