Ŀ�
Chapter 1 Introduction: Research and Research Paper
1.1 Research
1.2 Research Paper
Exercises Chapter 2 The Process of Research and Research Writing
2.1 Choosing a Topic
2.1.1 Importance and Interest
2.1.2 Manageability
2.1.3 Availability of Resources
2.1.4 Where to Find a Topic for Research
2.2 Exploring Data
2.2.1 Reference Works
2.2.2 Evaluating Sources
2.3 Gathering Data
2.3.1 Preparing a Working Bibliography
2.3.2 Reading Sources with a Critical Eye
2.3.3 Assessing the Author’s Argument and Evidence
2.3.4 Taking Notes
2.3.4.1 Note-taking Methods
2.3.4.2 Note Form
2.3.5 Avoiding Plagiarism
2.4 Formulating a Thesis
2.5 Outlining the Paper
2.5.1 Types of Outline
2.5.2 Outline Style
2.6 Writing the First Draft
2.7 Revising, Editing and Proofreading
2.7.1 Revising
2.7.2 Editing
2.7.3 Proofreading
2.8 Finalizing the Paper
Exercises Chapter 3 The Structure of a Research Paper
3.1 The Front Matter
3.1.1 Title Page
3.1.2 Outline Page
3.1.3 Abstract in English
3.1.4 Abstract in Chinese
3.1.5 Acknowledgments
3.1.6 Table of Contents
3.1.7 List of Illustrations/Figures
3.1.8 List of Tables
3.1.9 List of Abbreviations
3.2 The Text
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 Body
3.2.3 Conclusion
3.3 The Back Matter
3.3.1 References
3.3.2 Appendices
3.3.3 Notes
Exercises Chapter 4 Language and Style
4.1 Diction
4.2 Tone
4.3 Voice
4.4 Economy
4.5 Verb Tense
4.6 Sentence Type and Length
4.6.1 Sentence Type
4.6.2 Sentence Length
4.7Verb Voice
4.8 Parallelism
4.9 Logical Consistency
4.10 Coherence
4.11 Transition
4.12 Unbiased Language
4.13 Constructing Paragraphs
Exercises Chapter 5 Mechanics
5.1 Capitalization
5.2 Abbreviations
5.2.1 Use of Periods
5.2.2 Social and Professional Titles and Similar Terms
5.2.3 Organization
5.2.4 Units of Measurement
5.2.5 General Scholarly Abbreviations
5.3 Italicizing and Underlining
5.4 Spelling
5.5 Plural of Noun
5.6 Foreign Word
5.7 Hyphenation
5.8 Number
5.8.1 Use of Word or Numeral
5.8.2 Punctuation of Number95
5.8.3 Fraction
5.8.4 Decimal and Percentage
5.8.5 Number from Mathematical and Statistical Calculation
5.8.6 Number with Abbreviation or Symbo
5.8.7 Date and Times of the Day
5.8.8 Inclusive Number
5.8.9 Plural of Number
5.8.10 Roman Numera
5.9 Work Title
5.9.1 Capitalized Title
5.9.2 Underlined (Italicized) Title
5.9.3 Title in Quotation Marks
5.9.4 Title without Underlining or Quotation Marks
5.9.5 Title Containing Another Title
5.10 Enumeration
5.11 Table and Figure
5.11.1 Table
5.11.2 Relation of Table and the Text
5.11.3 Figure
5.11.4 Relation of Figure and the Text
5.11.5 Placement of Table and Figure
5.12 Numbering of Pages
5.13 Personal Name
5.14 Personal Title
5.15 Use of Notes
5.16 Spacing
5.16.1 Space around Punctuation Marks
5.16.2 Margin
5.16.3 Indentation
5.16.4 Centered Material
5.17 Division of Words and Division of Lines of Text
5.17.1 Division of Words111
5.17.2 Division of Initial, Number, and Lines of Text
5.18 Chapter Title and Heading
5.18.1 Part113
5.18.2 Chapter
5.18.3 Section, Subsection and the Heading
Exercises Chapter 6 Punctuation
6.1 Comma
6.2 Semicolon
6.3 Colon
6.4 Dash124
6.5 Parentheses
6.6 Quotation Mark
6.7 Square Bracket
6.8 Slash
6.9 Period
6.10 Question Mark
6.11 Exclamation Point
6.12 Ellipsis
Exercises Chapter 7 Documentation (1): Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
7.1 MLA Parenthetical Citation
7.1.1 Placement and Punctuation of Citation
7.1.2 Basic Rules for Print and Electronic Sources
7.1.3 Variations on the Basic Rules
7.1.4 Literary Work and Sacred Text
7.2 Information Note
7.2.1 Use of ibid. and op. cit.
7.2.2 Use of Superscript
7.3 List of Works Cited
7.3.1 Author
7.3.2 Books
7.3.3 Magazine and Journal
7.3.4 Daily Newspaper
7.3.5 Book or Film Review
7.3.6 Electronic Sources
7.3.7 Multimedia Source
7.3.8 Other Sources
Exercises Chapter 8 Documentation (2): The American Psychological Association (APA) Style
8.1 Reference Citation in Text
8.1.1 Work by a Single Author
8.1.2 Work by Multiple Authors
8.1.3 Work by Associations, Corporations, Government Agencies, Etc.
8.1.4 Work by Unknown Author
8.1.5 Work from Electronic Source
8.2 References Cited
8.2.1 Book
8.2.2 Essay or Chapter in Edited Book
8.2.3 Encyclopedia or Dictionary and Entry in an Encyclopedia
8.2.4 Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper
8.2.5 Thesis or Dissertation
8.2.6 Technical and Research Report
8.2.7 Audio-Visual Media1
8.2.8 Article from Electronic Source
Exercises Chapter 9 Documentation (3): The Chicago Manual Style
9.1 Note-Bibliography System
9.1.1 General Guidelines: Creating Chicago Notes
9.1.2 General Guidelines: Creating Chicago Bibliography
9.1.3 Examples: Creating Chicago Notes and Bibliography
9.2 The Author-Date System
9.2.1 Author-Date Text Citation
9.2.2 Reference List
Exercises2 Appendix A General Exercises for MLA, APA and Chicago Manual (Author-Date System) Styles Appendix B Samples Appendix C Revision Symbols Bibliography Index